The difference between lithium ion battery and lithium battery

The difference between lithium ion battery and lithium battery

　　 Early lithium battery

　　 Li-ion batteries (CLi-ion Batteries) are the development of lithium batteries. So before the introduction, first introduce the lithium battery. For example, the button battery used in the camera is a lithium battery. The cathode material of lithium batteries is manganese dioxide or thionyl chloride, and the anode is lithium. After the battery is assembled, the battery has voltage and does not need to be charged. This kind of battery can also be charged, but the cycle performance is not good. During the charging and discharging cycle, lithium crystals are easily formed, causing internal short circuit of the battery. Therefore, this kind of battery is generally prohibited from charging.

　　 Lithium ion battery: Carbon material lithium battery

　　 Later, Sony Corporation of Japan invented a lithium battery with carbon material as the negative electrode and lithium-containing compound as the positive electrode. During the charging and discharging process, there is no metal lithium, only lithium ions. This is a lithium ion battery. When the battery is charged, lithium ions are generated on the positive electrode of the battery, and the generated lithium ions move to the negative electrode through the electrolyte. The carbon as the negative electrode has a layered structure. It has many micropores. The lithium ions reaching the negative electrode are embedded in the micropores of the carbon layer. The more lithium ions are inserted, the higher the charging capacity. Similarly, when the battery is discharged (that is, the process we use the battery), the lithium ions embedded in the carbon layer of the negative electrode are released and move back to the positive electrode. The more lithium ions returned to the positive electrode, the higher the discharge capacity. The lithium ion battery currently referred to is usually a lithium secondary battery.

　　Lithium-ion battery performance parameter indexBattery internal resistance

　　The internal resistance of the battery refers to the resistance experienced by the current flowing through the battery when the battery is working. It is composed of ohmic internal resistance and polarization internal resistance. The large internal resistance of the battery will reduce the battery discharge working voltage and shorten the discharge time. The internal resistance is mainly affected by the battery material, manufacturing process, battery structure and other factors. Battery internal resistance is an important parameter to measure battery performance

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　　 Battery capacity

　　 The capacity of the battery is divided into the rated capacity and the actual capacity. Lithium-ion batteries are regulated under normal temperature, constant current (1C), and constant voltage (4.2V) controlled charging conditions.

　　 When charging for 3 hours and then discharging to 2.75V at 0.2C, the discharged electricity is its rated capacity. The actual capacity of the battery refers to the actual power released by the battery under certain discharge conditions, which is mainly affected by the discharge rate and temperature (so strictly speaking, the battery capacity should specify the charge and discharge conditions).

　　Capacity unit: mAh, Ah (IAh=1000).

  Voltage

　　◆Open circuit voltage and working voltage

　　Open circuit voltage refers to the potential difference between the positive and negative poles of the battery when the battery is in a non-working state, that is, when there is no current flowing in the circuit. Under normal circumstances, the open circuit voltage of a lithium-ion battery is about 4.1-4.2V after being fully charged, and about 3.0V after being discharged. By detecting the open circuit voltage of the battery, the state of charge of the battery can be judged.

　　◆ Working voltage, also known as terminal voltage, refers to the positive and negative of the battery when the battery is in working state, that is, when there is current flowing in the circuit

　　The potential difference between the poles. In the battery discharge state, when the current flows through the battery, there is no need to overcome the resistance caused by the battery's internal resistance, so the working voltage is always lower than the open circuit voltage, and the opposite is true when charging. The discharge working voltage of lithium-ion batteries is around 3.6V.

　　◆ Charge efficiency and discharge efficiency

　　Charging efficiency refers to a measure of the degree to which the electric energy consumed by the battery during the charging process is converted into the chemical energy that the battery can store. It is mainly affected by battery technology, formula and battery working environment temperature. Generally, the higher the environment temperature, the lower the charging efficiency.

Discharge efficiency refers to the ratio of the actual power discharged to the terminal voltage under a certain discharge condition to the rated capacity of the battery. It is mainly affected by the discharge rate, ambient temperature, internal resistance and other factors. In general, the higher the discharge rate, The lower the discharge efficiency. The lower the temperature, the lower the discharge efficiency.

　　◆Cycle life

　　Battery cycle life refers to the number of charging and discharging times that the battery experiences under a certain charging and discharging system when the battery capacity drops to a certain value. Lithium-ion battery GB stipulates that the capacity retention rate of the battery after 500 cycles under 1C conditions is above 60%. 

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